Net interest marginBanking
| Basis | How it is calculated |
|---|
| ATax-equivalent or not | Tax-exempt income grossed up to a taxable equivalent, or reported as booked. |
|---|
| BAverage or period-end | Earning assets averaged daily, monthly or taken at period end. |
|---|
| CWhich earning assets | Nonaccrual loans and certain securities included in the base, or left out. |
|---|
The policy decision that ties it outTax-equivalent or not, and over which average of which earning assets?
Source systems: the general ledger, the core, treasury, regulatory reports.
Delinquency rateLending
| Basis | How it is calculated |
|---|
| ACount or balance | The share of loans past due, or the share of balances, which large loans can swing. |
|---|
| BPast due from when | Counted from the contractual due date, or after a grace period. |
|---|
| CWhich loans in the base | Charged-off, modified and deferred loans counted or left out. |
|---|
| DHow late counts | 30, 60 or 90 days and over, reported as one figure or as buckets. |
|---|
Worked example, illustrative. 1,000 loans; the 40 that are 30 or more days past due are larger than average and hold 6% of the balance. The delinquency rate is 4.0% by count and 6.0% by balance.
The policy decision that ties it outCount or balance, from which due date, and which loans are in the base?
Source systems: the loan servicing system, collections, risk, regulatory reports.
Customer countRetail banking
| Basis | How it is calculated |
|---|
| APeople, households or accounts | One person with three accounts counted once, three times, or as part of a household. |
|---|
| BActive means what | Any transaction in 90 days, a balance above zero, or a digital log-in. |
|---|
| CJoint and business accounts | Joint owners counted once or twice; a sole proprietor counted as a person or a business. |
|---|
The policy decision that ties it outWho counts as one customer, and what makes them active?
Source systems: the core, the CRM, digital banking, marketing.
Loss ratioInsurance
| Basis | How it is calculated |
|---|
| AIncurred or paid | Losses incurred, including reserves, or only what has been paid. |
|---|
| BWith or without adjustment expense | Loss adjustment expenses included in the ratio or reported apart. |
|---|
| CEarned or written premium | Losses against premium earned in the period, or premium written. |
|---|
| DCalendar or accident year | Losses booked this year, or losses from accidents that happened this year. |
|---|
Worked example, illustrative. For every 100 of premium earned, 60 is paid in claims and 72 is incurred once reserves are added: a paid loss ratio of 60% and an incurred loss ratio of 72%.
The policy decision that ties it outIncurred or paid, with which expenses, against which premium, and by which year?
Source systems: claims, policy administration, actuarial, finance.
Combined ratioInsurance
| Basis | How it is calculated |
|---|
| AStatutory or GAAP | Expenses measured against written premium in statutory reporting, or earned premium under GAAP. |
|---|
| BPolicyholder dividends | Dividends to policyholders counted in the ratio or left out. |
|---|
| CCatastrophes | Catastrophe losses included, or shown separately to reveal the underlying ratio. |
|---|
The policy decision that ties it outStatutory or GAAP, and are catastrophes and dividends in?
Source systems: finance, actuarial, statutory filings, investor reporting.
Fraud loss ratePayments
| Basis | How it is calculated |
|---|
| AGross or net | Losses before recoveries and chargebacks, or after. |
|---|
| BAgainst volume or count | Basis points of dollar volume, or a share of transactions. |
|---|
| CWhich losses count | Scams the customer authorized, and first-party fraud, counted or left out. |
|---|
| DWhich date | Counted by transaction date or by the date the fraud was reported. |
|---|
The policy decision that ties it outGross or net, against volume or count, and which kinds of loss count?
Source systems: card and payment platforms, the fraud system, disputes, finance.
Assets under managementAsset management
| Basis | How it is calculated |
|---|
| ARegulatory or marketing | The regulatory figure filed with the SEC, or the broader figure in marketing material. |
|---|
| BDiscretionary or advisory | Only assets you manage with discretion, or advisory and model-delivery assets too. |
|---|
| CCounted once | Assets in a fund that invests in your other funds counted once or twice. |
|---|
| DCommitted or invested | For private funds, capital committed or capital actually invested. |
|---|
The policy decision that ties it outWhich assets count, counted once, and valued as of when?
Source systems: the portfolio accounting system, the CRM, regulatory filings, marketing.